又见Samantha Power

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幻儿
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又见Samantha Power

Post by 幻儿 » 2008-03-27 18:24

又见Samantha Power

3月25日晚上,Samantha Power到我们学校来签名售书,宣传新书Chasing the Flame。我跑去听她讲了两个多小时,然后排队半个小时,又出30块大洋,才签了。

说起来有趣。我读大一的时候,她刚出第一本书A Problem from Hell。那时我在上一门国关的入门课。教授是天主教修女,每次谈到大屠杀, 她都泪眼汪汪,我们就都肃然无语。她在人权问题上比较有影响,每年诺贝尔和平奖公布之前都被电视台请去做预测,不过基本不准。我们每个人还被要求写一封信给评审委员会推荐获奖人,那年我记得班里有几个学生推荐魏京生。

教授既然是这样,这个国关的入门课就变成了人权的入门课,Samantha Power的书也是必读之一。我当时只是囫囵的看了一看,因为她的文笔很教科书,生硬无趣,所以我对于那些国家种族部落派系之间的斗争终究没搞清楚;不过看得出Samantha Power对美国90年代在人权问题上的无所作为非常恼火,对克林顿颇多微词。

后来某天,她到我们学校来签名卖第一本书,我们被修女要求去听她讲话。我的印象只是她真年轻。然后觉得人家年纪轻轻已经有如此成就,非常敬佩。

这次听说她来了,我想我已经有一本她签名的书了,那就再弄一本吧。

我很惊讶来了那么多人,不但二百多人的教室座无虚席,连过道和后面都塞满了人。后来才知道是大学部组织的,只是借用我们院的教室。我心想这还差不多。人权和Obama,大学生还能不对这两样东西热情澎湃?

介绍她的漂亮女生慷慨激昂:你并不只是the human rights chick, 你更是我们的role model! 我们要沿着你的足迹前进!这话显然搔到了Samantha Power的痒处,她笑得这个开心,而且讲完话之后还多次夸奖那个女生做了the best introduction. 那是啊,被人当作偶像的感觉就是好。

她变了许多。脸色更黄,头发更干,但比几年前有自信,侃侃而谈,口无遮拦。

前半部分是关于书的。Chasing the Flame是联合国外交官Sergio Vieira de Mello的传记。我原本对他知道的不多,只晓得他03年在伊拉克光荣殉职。Samantha Power讲起这个人的经历,让我感佩不已,非常想看这本书。

六七十年代,人权运动风起云涌的时候,他正年轻,怀着天真纯洁的崇高理想投入运动。他鄙视资本主义,憎恨美国。当他听到桌上有美国口音,就会立即走开,决不屑于与美国人为伍。

他毕业后就到联合国工作,因为他以为联合国是超然于各个自私国家的只重公益的纯洁高尚组织。不过,很讽刺或者说不可避免的是,他认为实现人权的手段就是从上到下的强制。最初十几年中,他的“Machiavelli”的一面暴露无遗,他觉得联合国应该像“New Prince”一样建立一个新制度。那时候他的口头禅是“This is unacceptable.”有一次他对一伙屠杀者说这话。那些人笑了笑,又从后面牵出无数坦克枪械,对他说“You call this unacceptable? Now THAT is unacceptable.”这件事对他影响甚深,此后他再没有再过那个词。

他还看到,那些难民把联合国的旗帜当成真理和天堂,可是联合国大多数时候只能给他们一口饭吃,并不代表原则和希望。于是他自己的梦随着那些难民的梦想破碎了。

终于,他慢慢明白了联合国是由一百多个国家组成的,纯洁的理想必须通过肮脏的政治来实现。他由理想主义变成了现实主义--必须要让人权问题各国各自的利益挂钩,才能让他们行动。

另外一种妥协是他认识到对难民的救援也不是任何时候都是好事。有一次,难民和屠杀者混在一起,无法分辨。如果继续救援,屠杀者就能继续磨刀霍霍,砍向无辜的人;停止救援,死的人反而可能会少一些。权衡利弊之后,他艰难的下达命令,停止救援。

大多数时候,他的角色相当于说客。他会7国外语,认真学习当地文化,试着理解双方立场。他敢于见任何人,然后真诚的游说,希望找到一个双方都能接受的平衡点。联合国本身并没有军队,其实不能强迫任何人做任何事。可是他竟然如此相信劝说的力量,他竟然真的相信对话可以让凶手放下屠刀立地成佛,他竟然真的这样去尝试。一直到死。

我对Samantha Power的印象是一个强硬介入派,没想到她对Sergio这种小心翼翼的谈判方式如此推崇。也许她也从理想主义变成现实主义了?

后半部分就全是关于Obama。其实从一开始她就不断的道歉:Hillary is not a monster. She is amazing. She is extraordinary. I am amazed by how much she’s achieved in this campaign, etc, etc. 问答的时候,一个男生说:我们完全支持你,Hillary is a monster. 全场轰然叫好。Samantha Power不得不再一次尴尬的解释:No, she’s not. I didn’t mean what you thought. I don’t want to be associated with it. 她说那只是因为the campaign got over her head, and she’s Irish, so it’s all because of her Irish temper. 我不知道她有几分真心。也许只是为了不影响Obama的竞选;也许作为一个人权活动家,她不愿意表现得太极端;也许她真的只是用错了词。反正她的道歉没有人相信。

大约她也知道大学生们对Obama期望甚高,所以她强调Obama不是Messiah,而且暗示从伊拉克撤军不是短期内可以办到的―这在Obama的迅速撤军的计划中,显然是个不和谐音符。我发现,她竟然比我印象中,比媒体描述的,要务实理智很多。

然后我厌倦了听他们谈论大选和Obama上任之后的光辉图景就出来了。

半个多小时之后,她出来签名。她写:for [my name], with hope.

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Last edited by 幻儿 on 2008-03-27 19:49, edited 4 times in total.

Knowing
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Post by Knowing » 2008-03-27 18:31

哦,就是她啊。现在知道说错话啦? :mrgreen: :mrgreen: :mrgreen:
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幻儿
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Post by 幻儿 » 2008-03-27 18:35

Knowing wrote:哦,就是她啊。现在知道说错话啦? :mrgreen: :mrgreen: :mrgreen:
其实她说完那句话的第二天就道歉了。不过大家都不愿意听,听了也当没听见。 :littleWhite2:

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Post by tiffany » 2008-03-27 18:39

小k笑得那么的幸灾乐祸
乡音无改鬓毛衰

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Post by Knowing » 2008-03-27 19:01

我是亲切的看着自己人,觉的这姑娘真乖,顾大局,说了不该说的话知道自己下台,不象某些人。
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Post by tiffany » 2008-03-27 19:59

人小克多纯朴啊!我坚决支持他及其他老婆。
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Post by Jun » 2008-03-27 20:04

xiao K was not referring to Bill, who is savvy enough to know when to say what and when to shut up.
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Post by 火星狗 » 2008-03-27 20:08

要是 Obama 实际上是像她那样的强硬理想派,大家将来一定会哆嗦又哆嗦的。
我坚决支持他及其他老婆
语法错误要不得,人会以为你支持那谁谁

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Post by 火星狗 » 2008-03-27 21:22

当他听到桌上有美国口音,就会立即走开,决不屑于与美国人为伍。
他认为实现人权的手段就是从上到下的强制。
他这种强硬的天真态度和他所鄙视的美国人民倒有点像精神上的 twins

要想强硬的天真下去,有三条道路貌似比较可行
1。一直在大学里和激进的年轻人混
2。做小布什,有枪有钱有哥们还没人管
3。听小布什的话,跟小布什走
可是他竟然如此相信劝说的力量,他竟然真的相信对话可以让凶手放下屠刀立地成佛,他竟然真的这样去尝试。
如果他真对着恐怖分子讲道,大概早被从那个位置上拱下去了。我猜谈话大概是这种风格:如果你不打那谁,我们会给你 blahblah 好处。如果你坚持要打,会遭遇以下 blahblah 问题,而且我们会制裁你的。当然对他这样一个抱着理想主义初衷的人,这份工作肯定很 frustrating,不过他应该已经历练出来了吧,还那么天真肯定做不长……

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Post by 森林的火焰 » 2008-03-27 21:52

美国九十年代在人权上“无作为”,已经好过之前几十年大大的作为了。智利军事政变,老挝秘密战争,都是活跃作为时期的事。智利军事政变打死民选总统以后就是逮捕和流放异议分子,老挝秘密战争中情局策动丛林里本来与世无争的苗人与越共政府对抗,结果成千上万苗人在战争失败以后被清洗,余下的穿过原始森林逃往泰国。后来大部分移民欧美。美国的苗人很多都是那时候去的。这两桩事体美国本来是一概否认的,后来克林顿政府公开了很多六七十年代的文件,承认了。
就克林顿来说,能有勇气解密这些文件,承认当年可耻的行动,倒是人权的一大进步。当然不是他执政的时候犯下的罪,可是捂盖子,怕失民心,大事化小小事化无,是政客的正常反应吧。
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Post by Jun » 2008-03-28 7:34

纯洁的理想必须通过肮脏的政治来实现。
As long as one still has 理想 as the end, dirty political means, like bargaining with murderers, are OK with me.

This is fundamentally different from 1) means -- anything goes, including criminal means, and 2) end -- make a few more billions for his golf buddies and the hell with everyone else.

These are not the same thing, but a lot of people blame the first group for being "as dirty" as the second.
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Post by Knowing » 2008-03-28 8:56

他还看到,那些难民把联合国的旗帜当成真理和天堂,可是联合国大多数时候只能给他们一口饭吃,并不代表原则和希望。于是他自己的梦随着那些难民的梦想破碎了。
The danger of 给他们一口饭吃 without any long term solution is serious, and sometimes beyond our imagination, especially when the situation could last a long time.
For instance, Sudanese refugees were kept safe and fed in refugee camps in Kenya for over 10 years. The land they lived on is the poorest part of Kenya, there is no chance of growing anything and resume old life style. They completely depend on UN's food supply. boys grew up to become men, yet they had no future, they might be spending the rest of their lives there. I find it nearly impossible to imagine the level of desperation they suffer on daily basis..
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Post by 幻儿 » 2008-03-28 9:19

Knowing wrote:The danger of 给他们一口饭吃 without any long term solution is serious, and sometimes beyond our imagination, especially when the situation could last a long time.
For instance, Sudanese refugees were kept safe and fed in refugee camps in Kenya for over 10 years. The land they lived on is the poorest part of Kenya, there is no chance of growing anything and resume old life style. They completely depend on UN's food supply. boys grew up to become men, yet they had no future, they might be spending the rest of their lives there. I find it nearly impossible to imagine the level of desperation they suffer on daily basis..
Completely agree. Power said later Sergio realized that and he thought sometimes it's best for UN to stay aside, not providing any aid. God that must be hard for him! I mean for people like him, inaction must be more difficult than action.

I guess that's why Sergio felt disillusioned. The UN just doesn't have the necessary resources to solve real problems.

Samantha Power told a story in her talk:
Sergio was asking for a favor from many nations, but they all ignored him because they didn't want to get involved in any way; only one country would like to support him, although only nominally. What country was that? Are you ready? It's Bangladesh! What an irony!

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Post by 火星狗 » 2008-03-28 10:01

As long as one still has 理想 as the end, dirty political means, like bargaining with murderers, are OK with me.
反对的人大概是这样一种人生观吧?如果你是个好人,会 end good,那么就不太可能 means bad。如果你 means bad 了,让我们怎么相信你会 end good 呢?一定要 positive的看待这种人生观的话,那么至少它说明了群众不信任政治家,对政治家有警惕性不是坏事。 :mrgreen:

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Post by 笑嘻嘻 » 2008-03-28 13:00

幻儿 wrote:
Knowing wrote:The danger of 给他们一口饭吃 without any long term solution is serious, and sometimes beyond our imagination, especially when the situation could last a long time.
For instance, Sudanese refugees were kept safe and fed in refugee camps in Kenya for over 10 years. The land they lived on is the poorest part of Kenya, there is no chance of growing anything and resume old life style. They completely depend on UN's food supply. boys grew up to become men, yet they had no future, they might be spending the rest of their lives there. I find it nearly impossible to imagine the level of desperation they suffer on daily basis..
Completely agree. Power said later Sergio realized that and he thought sometimes it's best for UN to stay aside, not providing any aid. God that must be hard for him! I mean for people like him, inaction must be more difficult than action.

I guess that's why Sergio felt disillusioned. The UN just doesn't have the necessary resources to solve real problems.

Samantha Power told a story in her talk:
Sergio was asking for a favor from many nations, but they all ignored him because they didn't want to get involved in any way; only one country would like to support him, although only nominally. What country was that? Are you ready? It's Bangladesh! What an irony!
也为此我对理想主义者掌握权力持怀疑态度。一腔热血想改造世界的人多数不能预见并控制结果,但这并不能阻止他们一往直前地革命。
有两句出处不详的话比较能够代表我的想法:
"The road to hell is paved with good intentions。"
“If you're not a liberal at twenty you have no heart, if you're not a conservative at forty you have no brain.”
完了,我还奔五,已经有一颗奔五的心了。
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Post by 火星狗 » 2008-03-28 13:48

“If you're not a liberal at twenty you have no heart, if you're not a conservative at forty you have no brain.”
好吧,至少我是个标准件,零件儿不缺。

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Post by 幻儿 » 2008-03-28 13:49

笑嘻嘻 wrote:“If you're not a liberal at twenty you have no heart, if you're not a conservative at forty you have no brain.”
好像是邱吉尔说的?他一直挺现实主义的,而且特爱说这种格言,没有永恒朋友/敌人,只有永恒利益啥啥的。
一般不用等几十年那么久。我那个修女教授就曾经充满悲悯的对我们说:现在你们都是liberals,大学毕业的时候就都变成realists。

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Post by Jun » 2008-03-28 14:21

"The road to hell is paved with good intentions." 这话我也爱引用。从原则上我是同意这个观点的。但是经过了八年的困苦生活,我算多明白一条,不能让保守派独裁下去,时不时注射些理想主义是必要的,否则政治就要烂透了,从里到外变成一滩发臭的脓血,在垃圾堆了发酵腐烂变黑。理想主义的作用并不是实用的,而是调整政策的方向,时不时提醒一下人们的basic sense of decency,哪怕起到一点平衡的作用也好。否则全民都变成绝望的cynics,连手指也不肯提一根,唯一支持生存下去的心理支柱就是说服自己跟统治者站一队,巴巴地往上爬,只要能把身边同样的人民踩下去自己稍微往上多一格就满足了。那才恐怖呢。
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Post by 火星狗 » 2008-03-28 14:43

否则全民都变成绝望的cynics,连手指也不肯提一根,唯一支持生存下去的心理支柱就是说服自己跟统治者站一队,巴巴地往上爬,只要能把身边同样的人民踩下去自己稍微往上多一格就满足了。
没这么夸张吧,在这“八年的困苦生活”中,占人口一半的 liberals还不是一贯的骂骂咧咧和不合作,哪那么容易被洗脑。题外话,其实是这个制度不好,虽然有一半人有不同意见,这一半人的意见完全被忽略,就是人家讲的“多数专制”?

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Post by 幻儿 » 2008-03-28 15:21

我当助教的时候感觉特别明显的就是,大一学生无知者无畏,有的是热情勇气,对什么事情都能讨论半天。大四学生什么知道的多一些了,就讨论不起来,因为正面反面意见他们都清楚,说也没用,全都懒洋洋的,一点热情也无。

所以像sergio这样,与现实妥协但没有忘记梦想,多么难得啊。

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Post by Jun » 2008-03-28 15:30

我是说否则,否则
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