[zz] 如果工作成为非需品
Posted: 2016-06-13 23:55
纽约客上这篇文章是我看过的比较完整的解释 minimum income 的文章:
http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/ ... sic-income
这不是共产主义吗?或许这根本不是共产主义?人类会不会因为竞争与攀比的本能无处发泄而失去理智?我考虑了一下自己拿到基本收入会怎样,感觉有点焦虑,如果真的无需工作了,我可能会很讨厌无所事事的生活但是又懒得干活,岂不是两头不着?
http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/ ... sic-income
我对于这件事本身没有什么支持或反对的立场,只是好奇如果真的施行了之后到底会不会对人的工作动力有影响。其实最近我在想的问题是,如果工作都让机器干掉了,人确实没活儿可干了,then what? 我们会很开心呢还是很失望?不工作的日子会不会索然无味,还是大家都去搞娱乐、园艺或艺术创作了?当一些人失去了敛财和爬阶梯的动力 --- 肯定有人会继续有动力 --- 他们会怎样生活呢?或许跟现在也没有太大的差别?THE CASE FOR FREE MONEY
Why don’t we have universal basic income?
By James Surowiecki
In the mid-nineteen-seventies, the Canadian province of Manitoba ran an unusual experiment: it started just handing out money to some of its citizens. The town of Dauphin, for instance, sent checks to thousands of residents every month, in order to guarantee that all of them received a basic income. The goal of the project, called Mincome, was to see what happened. Did people stop working? Did poor people spend foolishly and stay in poverty? But, after a Conservative government ended the project, in 1979, Mincome was buried. Decades later, Evelyn Forget, an economist at the University of Manitoba, dug up the numbers. And what she found was that life in Dauphin improved markedly. Hospitalization rates fell. More teen-agers stayed in school. And researchers who looked at Mincome’s impact on work rates discovered that they had barely dropped at all. The program had worked about as well as anyone could have hoped.
...
In the U.S., the new interest in the U.B.I. is driven in part by anxiety about how automation will affect workers. Bhaskar Sunkara, the publisher of the socialist magazine Jacobin, told me, “People are fearful of becoming redundant, and there’s this sense that the economy can’t be built to provide jobs for everyone.”
...
Critics of the U.B.I. argue that handing people cash, instead of targeted aid (like food stamps), means that much of the money will be wasted, and that a basic income will take away the incentive to work, lowering G.D.P. and giving us a nation of lazy, demoralized people. But the example of the many direct-cash-grant programs in the developing world suggests that, as the Columbia economist Chris Blattman puts it, “the poor do not waste grants.” As for the work question, most of the basic-income experiments suggest that the disincentive effect wouldn’t be large; in Manitoba, working hours for men dropped by just one per cent.
这不是共产主义吗?或许这根本不是共产主义?人类会不会因为竞争与攀比的本能无处发泄而失去理智?我考虑了一下自己拿到基本收入会怎样,感觉有点焦虑,如果真的无需工作了,我可能会很讨厌无所事事的生活但是又懒得干活,岂不是两头不着?