财运

入得谷来,祸福自求。
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DeBeers
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财运

Post by DeBeers » 2006-02-03 11:09

我们家两人大概按传统的说法是没有财运的,买彩票抽奖从来都是贡献的份,而近年来又添了一项,就是股市杀手,买什么跌什么。前一阵放ROTH IRA,我说买股票吧,顺便再给双双买一股GOOGLE做个纪念,毕竟是跟她同年出生的最著名股票嘛。于是领导百忙之中抽了时间,买了。也奇了怪了,我们买股票也没焚香祷告占卜打卦挑什么良辰吉日,打我们买那天起,那几只股票就江河日下,镇日飘红,尤其是GOOGLE,以至于领导前天说,“将来我们可以自豪地告诉双双,我们在GOOGLE最高点给她买过一股” :twisted: 回想起我们从前的入市经历,连觉得极保险的花旗银行,自从我们买入,都是低迷徘徊,不由得不相信,确实是有财运这回事的 :let_me_die:
Last edited by DeBeers on 2006-02-03 12:01, edited 1 time in total.
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Knowing
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Post by Knowing » 2006-02-03 11:14

以后你买什么跟我说一声,我就短那个股票。 :monkey001: :monkey001:
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icefire
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Post by icefire » 2006-02-03 11:28

google should be good now ah

silkworm
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Post by silkworm » 2006-02-03 12:00

DeBeers和其他懂行的同学们同志们,能给讲讲IRA/ROTH IRA/401K之类的该怎么分布么?谢谢。白丁上。

DeBeers
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Post by DeBeers » 2006-02-03 12:05

我不懂行,啥都是放到上限,当然我现在还没有401K,只是roth IRA,不过还有529啦。我现在深刻觉得还是买mutual fund省心,我们去年买的SP 500 指数,是van guard的,还行。据领导前两天研究,好像mutual fund里面,international和precious metal的performance不错。
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DeBeers
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Post by DeBeers » 2006-02-03 12:07

Knowing wrote:以后你买什么跟我说一声,我就短那个股票。 :monkey001: :monkey001:
当然好,前提是你赚到的我俩二一添做五 :twisted:
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silkworm
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Post by silkworm » 2006-02-03 12:14

:oops: 我需要一些名词解释先。

IRA/ROTH IRA/401K之间的关系是神马,平行?隶属?哪些是税前,哪些是税后?是不是都是tax defer?

我道听途说401K给股票这种,股票要是不景气,自己最好只放到公司给match的地步,不要多放。

我们学校没有social security,工资被强制扣了些钱,然后学校给match些钱,放在tiaa-cref,作为退休基金。要自己决定allocation,我目前还只是放成老土money market,agent拼命鼓励我上点风险大回报大的类型,我犹豫。

529还不qualify,这个限制多不多?(比如只能本州大学什么的?)

helenClaire
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Post by helenClaire » 2006-02-03 12:25

蚕,我建议你去
www.vanguard.com
www.fidelity.com
等网站去流览它们的个人投资方面的网页。对各项投资种类都有清晰简明的解释和分析。而且有workbook, 你把个人家庭的情况和人生计划填进去,会给你一个投资计划建议书。当然这还不够有个人针对性,但多去几家比较一下结果,基本能有个差不离的框架,自己再做调整。
订本Kiplinger Personal Finance之类的杂志也是不错的入门,或者干脆请financial planner给你们做个计划。
我不买股票。买mutual fund的话,还是讲究asset allocation,怎么分配,就看投期多长,个人承担风险的能力有多大。

DeBeers
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Post by DeBeers » 2006-02-03 12:31

IRA/ROTH IRA/401K之间的关系是神马,平行?隶属?哪些是税前,哪些是税后?是不是都是tax defer?
IRA我不知道,ROTH IRA是放税后的钱,有上限,去年3000,今年4000,每2-3年变一次,收益免税(具体限制,比如啥时候取出我没研究过)

我道听途说401K给股票这种,股票要是不景气,自己最好只放到公司给match的地步,不要多放。
401K是公司帮着扣的,上限是10000还是多少,我反正没有,就不知道,是税前的,然后一般公司还给match多少百分比,至于match的是钱还是公司的股票就因公司而异了。不过公司给的反正是白来的,能多要就多要呗,自己放进去的有控制就行了。不过这个取出来的时候要交税,但那时候退休了,是不是税率就低了?:scratch:

我们学校没有social security,工资被强制扣了些钱,然后学校给match些钱,放在tiaa-cref,作为退休基金。要自己决定allocation,我目前还只是放成老土money market,agent拼命鼓励我上点风险大回报大的类型,我犹豫。
money market是有点保守,还不够通货膨胀率的呢,可以考虑保险的mutual fund,不是分value,growth啥类型的吗,我这个就不太懂了,可以看长期的回报率吧。

529还不qualify,这个限制多不多?(比如只能本州大学什么的?)
这个我们买的马里兰州的,因为马里兰州免529的州税,还是很可观的。好像这个是可以用到外州的。还分基金和预付学费,而且算是投资人的钱,不影响受益人申请奖学金,如果将来受益人不用,投资人可以自己用。如果州里没有税上的好处,可以找别的州performance好的来投资。
Last edited by DeBeers on 2006-02-03 12:34, edited 1 time in total.
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silkworm
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Post by silkworm » 2006-02-03 12:33

谢谢海伦和debeer,等我细细看了再来继续提问 :oops:

Knowing
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Post by Knowing » 2006-02-03 12:34

嗯,蚕我建议你翻本个人理财的入门书,基本上如果401k 公司给match 就放到match 的最大值。没match 就放到免税的最大值。allocation 你年轻不该买market market fund , 建议放股票共同基金,比如40 % international 30% small- midcap growth fund -- 30% sp 500 or bluechips.
挑基金时看看过去表现跟benchmark 。每五年调整一次分布,移5% 到债卷基金和money market 去。
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Jun
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Post by Jun » 2006-02-03 12:53

I recommend Personal Finance for Dummies or Idiot's Guide to Personal Finance series. They also have books on IRA alone. If you have 401K, you probably cannot qualify for traditional IRA. Both are pre-tax contributions. Roth IRA is post-tax contribution and can exist along with IRA or 401K.

Also, Suze Orman's Web site and books are helpful too. She has a new book out "Young, Fabulous and Broke."

Knowing
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Post by Knowing » 2006-02-03 13:07

Jun wrote:If you have 401K, you probably cannot qualify for traditional IRA.
If you contribute fully towards 401k plan, you can put money in IRA, just your contribution is no longer tax-deferred. But the profit you make from it is dex-deferred as long as it is still in the IRA account. But the upper limit of IRA is low, so it doesn't make much sense to do so when you have option of 401k.
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qinger
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Post by qinger » 2006-02-03 15:54

跟钻石同叹,我们因为没买房子, 钱放在saving 里头觉得太傻, 前两年头脑发热选了几只股票来“投资”, 基本上买啥啥跌, 而且再也涨不回来。痛定思痛, 决定所有的股票都要设止损线,于是google买了没几天就跌破了止损线, 被自动卖掉了--当时的价格是一百多, 错过了唯一一次可能通过股票发财的机会。
这辈子再也不会碰股票了, 还是买点mutual fund什么的算了。 :-D
这个退休账户, 还是越早放越好, 我有朋友读书时就每年都放, 像我们这种出来工作晚的, 还是应该早点计划。
今年我们打算把两个人的roth 全部放满,据说roth 是最合算的一种, 比traditional 还好。
大家推荐一下在哪儿开roth IRA账户比较好呢?
现在偶是胡军的扇子。

DeBeers
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Post by DeBeers » 2006-02-03 22:43

你要是买mutual fund,可以试试van guard,我们觉得它的S&P 500指数(VFINX) 的收益不错。要是买股票,好像scott trade的手续费很便宜。另外costco有在share builder开账户的优惠,但好像不能买mutual fund :?:
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boat
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Post by boat » 2006-02-04 12:22

我理解的有些不同, 谁帮我看看哪里错了?
IRA----传统的退休账号。 这个开起来有很多限制, 真不是一, 二句能说清的。 比如, 2005年的是3000可以tax-defer 的话(是3000还是4000我忘了), 如果你想拿到这3000都tax-defer , 那你的AGI不能超过一个数字, 一个人好像是60000左右, 2个人好像是120000左右。
ROTH IRA----这个是不能tax-defer , 是用你税后的钱开的退休账号。 不能省你目前的税,好处是当你拿出来时不交税; 比如, 如果你放银行, 你的利息还交税呢。 这个就不用了。 但也不能像你放银行那么方便不是, 有很多条例, 一年能放多少, 什么时候取都有规定。 也和你的AGI有关。 还有呢, 如果你认为税只能越来越重的话, 那就要开这个账号了, 虽然目前没能帮你省税, 但你以后取的时候不交税, 而如果那时税很高, 你相当于用了目前的税代替了那时的税, 还是划算的。
401K, 这个是公司和单位的“福利”, 一般都是给MATCH的, 那当然要让单位出到最多呀。 这个也是你放进去的钱目前不交税, 等你以后取时交的。 俺们单位给的选择是也tiaa-cref, 不是这家“broker”(其实不是broker,是institution) 里的所有“产品”俺们都能选的, 只提供7, 8 种左右。 有蚕说的money market, 我是坚决不放money market的, 简直就是亏本嘛。 我放了很多在stock里, 嘿嘿, 亏得一塌糊涂, 比money market 还惨, 我只好寄希望它将来长回来了。
目前我觉得最省心的是vanguard 的S&P 500, 费用少(关于费用也是可以写长篇的, 我就记个最简单的就是找那个ratio少的就好。 ) perforamance 也是比较稳定的。
最后, 强烈推荐大家看这方面的书, 不能偷懒, 这是我们老了以后的粮食, social security肯定是不能指望的了。

Jun
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Post by Jun » 2006-02-04 14:24

http://flagship3.vanguard.com/VGApp/hnw ... ontent.jsp

Above site has an overview of traditional IRA and Roth IRA.

The basic difference between traditional and Roth is that, for Roth, you pay tax now and receive the benefit of tax-free interest and capital gain; for traditional IRA or 401K (within tax-deductible limit) you pay tax later for both contribution and gain when you withdraw the money upon retirement.

Withdrawals from Roth IRA is less restrictive than traditional IRA or tax-deductible 401K. The latter 2 impose 10% penalty in most circumstances if you withdraw before 59 1/2 years old, while you can withdraw the contributions from Roth IRA with no penalty after 5 years (because you've already paid tax on them). The growth on Roth after 5 years may be tax-free if you use the money to fund first home purchase or education or some other eligible reason.

The investment options for 401K account are often limited by what your employer offers, which sometimes are not very good. Traditional and Roth IRA accounts can be opened in many financial institutions, including banks, brokerages, mutual fund companies, etc. Therefore, it's best to open an IRA account in a brokerage (note: many mutual fund companies have brokerage services and offer a large number of investment options for IRA accounts).

Investment is a whole different topic. To put it shortly, S&P500 index fund isn't necessarily safe investment. Again, read as much as possible and be prepared to lose money. :let_me_die:

buju
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Post by buju » 2006-02-04 17:32

401K是公司给你建的退休帐户(教育界一般用TIAA,性质跟401K是类似的)。你的contribution是税前的收入,帐户里的钱是tax-deferred。 401K的个人贡献的上限今年是$15000. 有的公司会match一部分。一般来说401K应该放满(除非你正好要在一年内买房子缺这笔现钱)。就是不放满,如果公司有match,无论如何也该放到match的最大部分。

IRA是个人自己建立的退休帐户, 分成traitional IRA 和 Roth IRA。
Traditional IRA: 任何人都能建, 08年之前每年的上限是每人$4000。 帐户里的earning是tax-deferred,至于contribution是税前还是税后,要看有没有工作退休帐户,还要看收入。如果你(们)没有401K/TIAA etc, 那么不管你(们)收入多高,contribution都是税前的。如果有工作退休帐户,收入超过一定的值(个人60K,两人80K),那么contribution就只能是税后的。
Roth IRA:上限也是$4000,contribution是税后的,但是earning不要交税。一般来说,Roth IRA比Traditional IRA合算,但是有收入限制。如果个人收入超过110K,两人收入超过160K就没有资格。所以在收入没过线之前,要尽量利用Roth IRA。
注:收入指的是MAGI (Modified Adjusted Gross Income)[/i]

Lafayette
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Post by Lafayette » 2006-02-05 10:24

I recommend mutual funds for JMs who don’t have time to study the stock market, in Canada; we have something called “RRSP” similar to 401K in US. Usually the company contributes certain % to a selected registered account for all the employee and I buy extra to the maximum limit every year in the charted bank just for tax defer purpose.

I throw my RRSP portion in the bank to GIC, the only investment I knew at that time to earn 2.15% a year, The register plan has been invested in mutual fund by default and the return is 15~18% a year.

当我一天闲来无事, 数我可怜的几滴钱时, 才发现这个事实, I was trying to change my job just for a few thousand (less than 5) dollars and move to another location, 我只需好好伺候我的RRSP 也许目标就达到了. 我开始看书,开户, 选基金, 看大市. :mrgreen:

I think watching the market and adjust the portfolio on the regular basis is still necessary, (every 3~6 month), at our age (I assume we are in the same range), put majority in the equity funds (for growth) and small portion into bonds for safety is not a very bad idea. ( I sold all my bonds and invested into some trust income funds last year because the bond market is not very good.

还是不敢投资股票, 我觉得那需要”相当的”研究工作.

菜鸟一只, 纯属一家之言. 抛砖引玉而 :action077:

dropby
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Post by dropby » 2006-02-07 16:01

http://www.moneysense.ca/investing/stoc ... /index.jsp
退休属于长期投资. 如果懒得actively manage的话, 沙发土豆性的投资组合最好了.

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